In heterosexual transmission, power imbalances in sexual negotiation derived from restrictive male and female gender roles are frequently implicated in women’s heightened vulnerability to HIV/ AIDS (MacPhail, Williams, & Campbell, 2002 Rosenthal & Levy, 2010 Wingood & DiClemente, 2002). Subsequently, a large body of health and science literature explores the social forces that may exacerbate a receptive sexual partner’s biological level of risk for HIV (MacPhail, Williams, & Campbell, 2002 Rosenthal & Levy, 2010 Wingood & DiClemente, 2002). HIV prevention researchers have long acknowledged the heightened risk of HIV transmission for sexually receptive partners ( Kingsley et al., 1987).
